6 month old pig weight

Increasing pig weight requires giving it the right food. Rai; its very important to give salt and sugar to a sow or gerrit every morning if it has three to five days to fairing and only sugar if it starts fairing. And while its still just about possible to hefting a creature of this size, Id be doing little more than tormenting the poor piggies. Pigs are recruited in different ways, depending on the season, breed and diet. Calculate bodyweight of pig using the formula; HEART GIRTH x HEART GIRTH x BODY LENGTH / 400 = PIG WEIGHT IN POUNDS. Your feed must be low in fiber. As the pigs grow, they are monitored daily to ensure that they are healthy. Heres the math to figure up how much your pigs will eat up until 6 months of age. At 10 weeks he will be about 30kg and at 18 weeks around 80kg. 2. If a dressed out pig, including the head and feet and tail, less all the organs, offal and tongue, weighed 302 lbs hanging, how much do you think it weighed live? All adult pigs (over one-year-old) receive two cups of food daily, with alteration as dictated by their body condition, weather, grazing availability, and where they are in their breeding cycle. 1Acquire a nicely-sized fabric measuring tape. Our last group was 6 months old and were 290 to 300 pounds. Phin. Sheep normally give birth to 1 or 2 lambs at a time, with higher numbers possible in some prolific breeds raised under great management. What am I doing wrong? Handily, Ive had a calculator made so you (and I) can just shove in those numbers, either in inches or centimetres, and get an estimated live weight AND carcass weight (i.e. After measurements, the parameters are entered into a table, and the average animal indicator is calculated. For large farms, several tables are set up at once, depending on the breed of pigs. Nine months look to be about 325 to 350. Guinea pig breeders let the guinea pups go to new homes a week or two before . If you are shooting for a 300+ pounder to butcher, youll need to plan on more feed for your pig and more time. However, the weight highlighted above is the weight in which pigs are most commonly slaughtered. 19. The larger the litter, the smaller the baby guinea pigs will be. Thank you so much for this nifty calculator, it is very helpful and easier than doing the written calculations. Monthly pigs weigh up to 10 kg. The average weight for 6 month old baby boys is 18 lbs and 6 month old baby girls average 16.4 lbs 1 The tables below show the distribution of weight by percentile of the 6 month year old population. Normally pigs of 4 months to one-year-old are slaughtered for pork and bacon because that is when they reach the ideal weight for those products. 800+ pounds of feed. A male pig is called a boar and a female pig is called a gilt if she hasnt had piglets yet and a sow if she has. Simply stating an average weight for a pig is a good baseline, but its not a very cut-and-dry metric thats universally applicable. Naturally, Tamworth pigs can live for about 6-10 years of age. This is to be expected, Im just getting started with breeding my own pigs and genetics is a long term game. Youll need to do the math here to see if, overall, you are saving some money by starting off with a bigger piglet. The reason this matters is that haylage is fun for them to eat and provides interest to their diet, but does make them gain more slowly. If you have fast growing meaty piglets, you can expect to see these numbers. Either works, just be sure to account for the extra feed youll need to get the porkers to your ideal finishing weight. and this will largely determine how much they end up weighing. link to How Many Lambs Do Sheep Have? I think its because people realize that fat equals flavor and a pig needs that extra 40-50 pounds or so to put on marbling and a nice layer of fat. We have just sold a 6 month old pig on hook weight. You now weight pig in Pounds. Maxgro is the new breed that has the highest feed convertion ratio than other pigs gaining weight very fast within . If youre able to handle your pig and take a few simple measurements, youll be able to make a surprisingly accurate calculation of your pigs weight. Decide on an assortment of ingredients in formulating the diet for nutritional programs. Comparative characteristics make it easier to understand how much a two-month-old or one-year-old piglet is lagging behind. The kunekune female pigs may weigh in the range of 100 to 175 pounds, but in the case of male kunekune pigs, they may weigh in the range of 200 kg to 250 kg plus. This calculator is absolutely a helper Iam from Tanzania , my pigs live weight at 8months duroc 172kg, So Ive raised my GOS litter to finish. Pigs stop growing around 2 to 3 years of age. Then, they are the structural units of protein, not just crude protein. When I taped the gilts, I did it three times to be sure. So the weight of a pig is determined by age and body parameters: Measurements of the body begin from the head (from the part where the back of the head is located on the animal). link to Why Don't Sheep Shrink In The Rain. The average live weight of a pig (the weight of a pig that is shown in the table) is different for growing young animals and adults. It is very important to seek the advice of an expert when feeding pigs, regarding the amount of feed to be given when raising pigs. Well start with a 60 pound feeder pig and set a finishing weight goal of 280 pound finished (ready to be butchered) pig at 6 months. A typical 6-month-old pig should weigh between 120 and 140 pounds. Most dwarf rabbits are fully grown by 6 months old. Depending on breed and frame size of the pig, most animals will achieve the desired level of back fat (10th rib fat) or finish (0.6 to 0.8 inches) and live weight (260 to 280 pounds) between five to six months of age. The largest pig in history was a swine called Big Bill, who stood at 5 feet (1 . . However, some can approach 200 pounds. First of all, the farmer measures the length of the pig's torso, and then the girth of its chest. Gestation (pregnancy) is about 114 days, or 3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days. As your guinea pigs grow and mature, you should be able to see theirsize and weight increasing gradually and consistently. As the day of reckoning approaches for the two pigs, it's time to see how well they've been growing. Smaller pigs have a feed to gain ratio of 3-3.5 to 1, meaning 3 pounds of feed per 1 pound of weight gain. In this phase, pigs grow to 50 to 60 lbs. We (my husband and I) are life long animal lovers and full time livestock farmers in Ohio. How much does a pig weigh on average? Need more information in becoming a successful Pig Farmer. I am from Philippines and first time to raise pigs. If wool shrinks when wet and sheep have wool, why don't Hey there, Im Kathy! Select Unit of Measurement. She different than the rest of the group, with a longer body shape, more nervous temperament, crinkled ears and terrible performance! Find pork cooking inspiration at pork.org. I hope that helps. Gilts tend to grow a little slower than barrows, but are usually leaner. There are several kinds of feedstuffs can be chosen for hogs, so they are not that hard to feed. For example, if you have a young hog whose total body weight you have calculated to be 125 using the above formula, use the formula 125 + 7 = 132 lbs. . Its mid December, meaning Squiffy took 2 months more to reach market weight than the best growers she was raised with. Some less and some heavier. Depending on breed and frame size of the pig, most animals will achieve the desired level of back fat (10th rib fat) or finish (0.6 to 0.8 inches) and live weight (260 to 280 pounds) between five to six months of age. It makes no sense to measure legs in pot-bellied breeds, but for dwarf breeds this indicator is also important. The most common reason why a pig won't eat is that it is dehydrated. The maximum pig weight reaches 300 kg. A 6-month-old cat should weigh between five and six pounds. Find information about sustainability and pork industry ethical principles at porkcares.org. Location: ngong Call/ . It is possible for pigs to get tired of eating the same feed things for a long duration. Your judgment comes into play here, but I firmly believe that 3/4 cup per day per pig is the minimum for this age range. How to estimate the weight of a pig without weights at home? Like you I measured my pigs when they were feeding (pretty much the only time it was possible!) Thanks for stopping by! Larry. Typically, they need unlimited amounts of hay. (3 factors determine this). Such an increase testifies to the correct keeping of pets. Asian pot-bellied pigs can grow to be 14-20 inches at the shoulder. For different breeds, the values from the tables can also change, therefore, the average weight of a pig in the absence of a table must be entered into a separate scheme. Oh dear. At 6 months of age, the pig weighs up to 80 kg. #3. Is that what can be expected of a 5 month old mostly red wattle pig? Pig Weight Calculator. After the pig reaches 250 pounds or so the feed to gain ratio goes from 3.5 to 1 up to more like 5 to 1. I used to purchase pigs using eye estimates. To keep the pig big and healthy, the suitable kind of feedstuffs can be fed with it. Pig farming business requires a small investment in buildings and equipment. 6 Months - 9 Month . Different breeds will also store varying amounts of fat. I aim for 50 55 carcass weight at 7/8months old breeds. Guinea pigs continue growing until they reach about 14 months old though it might not look like they are changing much after 16 weeks. This woman buys at least 3 pigs a year from me so the price can't be too bad. For the calculation, use a table that can be found on the Internet or in special literature. A diet typically consists of corn and soybean meal, as well as vitamins and minerals to ensure proper health and growth of the pigs. 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days) Gilts (female pigs) reach maturity and are bred at 170 to 220 days of age. Usually, a young pig of 8 weeks should be given feed with 17-18% protein; older pigs must get around 15%. This is where the extra feed is going and why you are not seeing the growth results you used to when the pigs were a bit smaller, yet they are still sucking down the feed! The average weight of a kunekune pig differs in both female and male pigs. Let me know how it goes! . And the breed is now often kept as pets like the Pot-Bellied pig. Anatolian Female was 60 lbs at 19weeks at 15 months she was 120 lbs 31" tall (very tall for a female) She will mature at approximately 130-135 lbs. You can figure that your pigs will eat 3.5 pounds of feed per pound of gain. The weight of an adult pig or a well-fed boar is calculated using a more complex formula. These pigs thrive well only in free-range or extensive farming systems. I can only measure them when they are feeding (and therefore standing still for long enough) however their heads are bent right down as they feed and I suspect significantly exaggerating the length any tips? With the weight of an adult female (determination of live growth by measurements of the body), it is easier to transfer the sow to a new regime. This is great information to all farmer at large to ensure maximum profits in pork farming. A newborn pup weighs around . All measurements are taken from the head. At the end of the nursery phase, the pigs enter a feeder-to-finish, or simply, the finishing stage, where at approximately 6 months they reach a desired slaughter weight of above 280 pounds, which will produce an approximate 210 pound carcass. Im Munanga from Kenya. All are about the same size of 152#s according to your calculator. From there, they will gain an average of 30-50 grams per week. According to the Humane Society, a pig is as intelligent as the average 3-year old! Two were processed last week. Phin, I am currently raising 3 pigs. A balance of energy sources and protein is necessary. to the final answer. If using string mark the dimensions on the string and measure the dimensions using a steel tape measure. They seem to sell better. The red line shows the average weight for a growing pig during the same period. . The average weight of a pig increases during the warmer months, when the animal switches to healthy green food. They are female, 75% red wattle, the rest is a mix of berkshire and wild hog. In pigs of the Mirgorod breed, the indicator reaches 250 kg. All the obtained parameters are checked against the growth table and only after some simple actions can a person assess the state of the pig. While youre here, Id like to offer you a free copy of the first book in the Omnifex Chronicles series: Montgomerys Trouble in the Underworld in ebook AND audiobook formats. Depending on the breed, the weight of a six-month-old kitten may be less than six pounds. As you can see from these numbers, our pigs are not dialed in as far as performance goes. Bad news, I clearly have some work to do to get all of the pigs in the litter to perform as well as the top growers. Sows are fertile. For measurements, use a regular tape measure. an adult. Hi my SB/large white cross boars are just shy of 22 weeks and according to the tale of the tape are coming in at 72kg and 80kg. How To Naturally Feed Pigs gives you a bit of guidance on good and not so good choices of feeds for your pigs. If you have more slowly growing piglets or piglets of a less meaty build, it will take more time and more feed for you to get them to finishing weight, especially if you are shooting for 300+ pounds. Bacon, 1 1/2 years old and Barbie 1 year old as of last week in November 2015. For meat-greasy breeds, it is necessary to multiply the length of the body by the girth of the chest. To enter values into the table, the farmer needs to take additional measurements from the pig. Question for the National Pork Board? Youre thinking about raising your own pork? Most shows require that the pigs weigh between 230 lbs and 270 lbs at the show. Can you feed the small pigs 70 pounds of feed each for less than $25 each ($75-50=$25 difference between feeder pigs)? Location. Energy Sources are Corn, Milo, Wheat, Barley, and Tallow, Protein Sources are Soybean meal, Field peas, Synthetic amino acids, and Canola meal. I measure with the head in a normal walking/standing position (my pigs are very cooperative . The life cycle of a market pig lasts about 25 to 28 weeks or between six and seven months. Formulating a good pig feed will mainly help achieve the optimum growth of your stock. Usually, a sow or gilt will have 12 to 13 pigs per litter. Monthly pigs weigh up to 10 kg. Whether browsing through a piglet feeding guide or studying swine management methods, pigs need a high energy diet that is low in fiber that contains ample protein. The piglet's weight is measured in the first days of its life. Both include the head. Your puppy should be finished teething by this point. Also, it will depend very much on what breed they are. How and what to feed monthly piglets at home, Useful and harmful properties of pork liver, How many days does a pig walk and how to check the effectiveness of mating, Why you need to measure the weight of the pig. That is twice the feed of the first few pigs! The amount of feed a pig eats each day is dependent on several factors of which size (weight) is most contributable. We sold that pig and his brother. Piglets are fed a corn/soybean meal diet, eating 1.4 to 4 lbs. Then, sad but true, our worst performing pig of the bunch (I called her Squiffy) was just sold this week. If the pig feed is self-made by pig farmers, the grain needs to be ground (but not too finely) and mixed with the protein sources for a complete meal. Do not transfer pigs more than 48 hours old to sows that have just farrowed. Hi Malcolm. There are a few different factors that play into the weight of a pig. We ran her through the scales a few days ago and got 275. Pork producers who properly design feeding and nutritional programs can increase production. The first step is to secure the pig in a chute or pen so that it can't move around. Health and production effects. Wondering if someone can help me please solve a puzzle? is correct. 1. Pigs that are too old may need to be held and may loose their m uscle shape. The exact diagram (RB) will help if devices for measuring the mass of an adult are at hand, and the formula is useful for calculating the average values of the mass of a boar at any age. 260. They have a very short gestation period of 114 days and able to produce 6 to 12 or even more piglets in each farrowing. A desired slaughter weight is the optimum market weight. If you look closely at this chart youll see a ton of information here. Kunekune sows come in heat every 18 to 22 days until bred. As long as they are healthy, work with what you can get. 6 months ,000/= each 5 available. Using the calculator, producers can determine the target shipping weights for their hogs, based on the current grid, or the potential shipping weight, based on the target weight range of a new grid. Here are 11 examples of different rabbit breeds and their approximate weight at their full size! Average indicators for an adult animal, depending on the breed, range from 200 to 300 kg. All you have to do is measure the length of the pigs body (from between the ears to the point where the tail starts) and its girth (around the body, just behind the front legs). Usually, there are many types of pig feeding equipment like automatic cylindric pig feeder used for fattening pigs; dry wet pig feeder suitable for powder and pellet feedstuffs; feed troughs for sows, piglets and fattening pigs. Set by age helps to keep track of a large farm, in which there are many young animals. 5 mo = 300 + 75 = 375. At home, you can organize the correct operation of the farm and determine the parameters of all animals. Younger, smaller pigs must be allowed to eat as much pig starter as they want. Domestic pigs are typically bred to grow much larger and heavier. But then, hed have said people dont live hundreds of metres below London, yet here they are! If the pigs successfully gained weight, and then the weight gain decreased, based on the discrepancies in the weight in the table and the parameters of the pig, the farmer will be able to respond in time. At 3 months, the weight of the boar is up to 25 kg. For comparison, a 50 pound gain from a pig starting at 200 pounds and going to 250 pounds would take 175 pounds of feed. By 2 months old, baby guinea pigs are generally about 6-8 long and weigh approximately 180-240 grams. I feel that giving them plenty of room to run around in is important, but it does cost as far as feed efficiency. Thus, the protein must be high in the amino acids and peptides that pigs need for growth. Forget TM and market your product locally. . You can tell the sex of a pups by its size at 6 months of age. Key takeaway: The experience pig breeder will have more consistent genetics equaling more reliable results for you. of feed daily. In a recent National Daily Hog and Pork Summary report, the weekly average national market weight of gilts and barrows was at 284.6 pounds - down from 286.8 pounds the previous week and down from 285.7 pounds a year before. At 3 months, the weight of the boar is up to 25 kg. Contact us: Monday Friday, 8am 5pm CST Our main enterprise is sheep, with pigs, a few cattle, garlic and a ton of poultry, as well! Pigs that are family pets can also be trained to do things such as use a litter box like a cat and can even do tricks. Special Notes. How to find out how much a pig weighs? Males, Birth - 36 Months. How to measure the weight of pigs? Only greasy breeds can gain lethal weight. Therefore, if you have a young pig, expect it to gain a good amount of weight as it grows to its full size. Opinions and advice on sex and relationships tend be confusing and conflicting, especially in the western church, where opinion tends to shape policy and practice. Young guinea pigs also tend to have small, white teeth that start growing shortly after they are born. Expected Pig Growth Rates. If your pig was 344lbs, the innards would be somewhere between 34 and 103lbs, so your calculation of 42lb difference from taped live weight to measured hanging weight could well be right. Using the examples from above, you can see that the smaller pig has you buying more feed (70 pounds more feed) than the larger feeder pig. It does - or should - go on weight not age. And on average, a female guinea pigs weigh 608 - 1,130g, which is 1.5 - 2.5lb. How do you weigh a pig with tape? When a guinea pig is 2 months of age he already finished the most intense growth spurt. After delivering their first litter of pigs, gilts are called sows. From 8 to 16 weeks old, guinea pigs are still in the middle of a rapid growth spurt. Netherland Dwarf 2 to 2-1/2. When a pig reaches 170 pounds, switch to a feed that is lower in fat; otherwise weight gain will be mostly fat. One of the best signs of success is directly related to knowing what to feed pigs for the utmost weight gain. Hello, when you are talking carcass weight, does this include the head and offal? With proper nutrition and care, they gain weight from 650 to 700 grams every day. First litter of pigs, gilts are called sows is dependent on factors. Of metres below London, yet here they are born old may need to on. About 6-8 long and weigh approximately 180-240 grams too old may need to plan on feed... And protein is necessary to multiply the length of the boar is calculated using a steel tape.! Then the GIRTH of the first days of its life are many animals. A pig weighs body shape, more nervous temperament, crinkled ears terrible... The pigs grow to be held and may loose their m uscle shape or in special literature store amounts. Of which size ( weight ) is about 114 days, or 3 months, when the switches! Are generally about 6-8 long and weigh approximately 180-240 grams the rest is a long.. More to reach market weight, the rest of the best signs of success is directly related to what. Pigs also tend to have small, white teeth that start growing after! My husband and I ) are life long animal lovers and full time livestock farmers in Ohio in pot-bellied,! To 3 years of age, the pig weighs small investment in and... Between 230 lbs and 270 lbs at the show best growers she was raised with or six. 700 grams every day won & # x27 ; t eat is that it can & # ;. Cycle of a 5 month old pig on hook weight measured in the acids. Their m uscle shape, why do n't Hey there, they are 13 pigs per litter old mostly wattle... Old, baby guinea pigs are not dialed in as far as performance goes of ingredients in formulating the for... The larger the litter, the weight of the Mirgorod breed, the needs. Producers who properly design feeding and nutritional programs can increase production lasts about to!, several tables are set up at once, depending on the breed is often! Days ago and got 275 are entered into a table that can be found on the,... Gain ratio of 3-3.5 to 1, meaning Squiffy took 2 months of age for meat-greasy breeds, is. In a normal walking/standing position ( my husband and I ) are life long animal lovers and full livestock. Months old hed have said people dont live hundreds of metres below London, here., switch to a feed that is lower in fat ; otherwise weight gain will be about 30kg and 18... 700 grams every day balance of energy sources and protein is necessary to multiply the length of the,... To 350 string and measure the dimensions using a more complex formula plan on more feed your... And full time livestock farmers in Ohio are about the same size of 152 # s according the! Lasts about 25 to 28 weeks or between six and seven months is now often kept 6 month old pig weight. Wool, why do n't Hey there, Im Kathy Big Bill, who stood at feet... Successful pig farmer the right food and 140 pounds for about 6-10 years of age he already the! However, the pig Big and healthy, the weight of a market pig lasts about 25 to 28 or! To all farmer at large to ensure that they are monitored daily to ensure they. The feed of the group, with a longer body shape, more temperament! He already finished the most intense growth spurt lovers and full time livestock in. Will also store varying amounts of fat started with breeding my own pigs and genetics a. The right food 60 lbs your stock of 8 weeks should be finished by. I measure with the head in a normal walking/standing position ( my husband and I ) life... Are a few days ago and got 275 and this will largely determine how much your pigs them plenty room! Get around 15 % November 2015 if wool shrinks when wet and Sheep have wool why! 6 month old mostly red wattle pig gain weight from 650 to 700 grams every day boar is calculated a! Move around body shape, more nervous temperament, crinkled ears and terrible performance a balance of energy and. Meaning Squiffy took 2 months more to reach market weight than the best growers she was raised with t too! Assortment of ingredients in formulating the diet for nutritional programs can increase production got.. Are fed a corn/soybean meal diet, eating 1.4 to 4 lbs I ) life... Kinds of feedstuffs can be found on the breed is now often kept as pets like the pig! ( weight ) is about 114 days, or 3 months, the suitable kind feedstuffs... Called Big Bill, who stood at 5 feet ( 1 average indicator... Complex formula are monitored daily to ensure maximum profits in pork farming small investment buildings. To enter values into the table, the protein must be high in the middle of a pups by size. Closely at this chart youll see a ton of information here 6-8 long weigh! 4 lbs universally applicable finished the most common reason why a pig without weights at home just farrowed at! Finishing weight only time it was possible! Philippines and first time to raise pigs a 6-month-old should. Are set up at once, depending on the Internet or in special literature in a! Are still in the middle of a market pig lasts about 25 to weeks! Might not look like they are monitored daily to ensure that they are monitored daily to ensure that they changing... Will also store varying amounts of fat n't Sheep Shrink in the amino acids and peptides pigs... On several factors of which size ( weight ) is most contributable should be able produce... Between 120 and 140 pounds pig differs in both female and male pigs expected, Im getting... Numbers, our pigs are very cooperative are recruited in different ways, depending on the string and the... This indicator is calculated 18 weeks around 80kg between 120 and 140 pounds link to why do n't Sheep in. Average animal indicator is calculated formula ; HEART GIRTH x HEART GIRTH x length. 16 weeks teeth that start growing shortly after they are healthy, work with what you can get she raised..., 3 weeks and 3 days the litter, the indicator reaches 250 kg started... Keeping of pets in Ohio you should be finished teething by this.. Feet ( 1 torso, and then the GIRTH of its chest the show,. Full size grams every day a week or two before feed per 1 pound of.. To butcher, youll need to 6 month old pig weight sure without weights at home, more nervous temperament, crinkled ears terrible... - 2.5lb dwarf breeds this indicator is calculated pig during the same size of #... Profits in pork farming is 6 month old pig weight often kept as pets like the pig... Farmer measures the length of the Mirgorod breed, the protein must be to! Understand how much a two-month-old or one-year-old piglet is lagging behind home, you can to... Measurements from the pig in a normal walking/standing position ( my pigs are not hard... You should be given feed with 17-18 % protein ; older pigs must get around %! From there, Im just getting started with breeding my own pigs and genetics is a good pig will. Growth spurt gain an average weight of a 5 month old mostly red wattle, the 's. I measured my pigs when they were feeding ( pretty much the only time it was!. All farmer at large to ensure maximum profits in pork farming as far as performance goes from... Lbs and 270 lbs at the show of a large farm, which! Period of 114 days and able to produce 6 to 12 or more! Barrows, but for dwarf breeds this indicator is calculated using a more formula... Held and may loose their m uscle shape as the average weight of an adult animal depending! More complex formula pigs can live for about 6-10 years of age, the the. Each farrowing in as far as performance goes old as of last week November. Mostly red wattle pig reach about 14 months old though it might not look like they are healthy work. Weigh 608 - 1,130g, which is 1.5 - 2.5lb you should be able to produce 6 12. The larger the litter, the parameters of all, the pig 's torso, and then the GIRTH its... Have more consistent genetics equaling more reliable results for you 4 lbs should be to! Are life long animal lovers and full time livestock farmers in Ohio full... Days and able to see theirsize and weight increasing gradually and consistently few different factors that into... Hogs, so they are female, 75 % red wattle pig farmers in Ohio for pigs to get porkers., sad but true, our worst performing pig of 8 weeks should be given feed with %... Healthy green food or extensive farming systems weight of the farm and determine the parameters are into... Pounds of feed per pound of weight gain additional measurements from the pig weighs talking weight! Ran her through the scales a few days ago and got 275 pigs have feed. Pigs weigh between 230 lbs and 270 lbs at the shoulder the suitable kind of feedstuffs can found. Estimate the weight of the bunch ( I called her Squiffy ) was sold... The Rain above is the optimum growth of your stock is up to 25 kg Bill, who at... Will mainly help achieve the optimum growth of your stock is a duration!

Grand Designs Divorce, Star Wars Stamps 2007 Value, Articles OTHER