9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. He received a bachelors degree in Chinese literature from Peking University (197983) and a masters degree (via part-time studies) in world economics from the Central Party School (199699). After demobilization from the military, Liu worked as a manual laborer and then as an official in the Beijing Radio Factory (197478). Some foreign and Chinese media outlets have reported that Xi Jinping and Liu He attended the same middle school4. View All. He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. Jeremy Page, Bob Davis, and Lingling Wei, Xi Weakens Role of Beijings No. But they have been disappointed. Liu then served as party secretary and deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council (201113). Document No. The New York Times . Constitutionalism is a weapon for information and psychological warfare used by the magnates of American monopoly capitalism and their proxies in China to subvert Chinas socialist system, said another commentary in the paper. Zhang Ping, The sixth generation of leaders in the Chinese Communist Party was born out of speculations, Deutsche Welle, November 21, 2012. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. Wangs patron/mentor ties with Jiang Zemin stem in part from Wangs father-in-law, Yao Yilin, who was a major supporter of Jiang in the Politburo Standing Committee, and in part from Wangs close friendship with Jiangs son, Jiang Mianheng. To some extent, the overriding objective of his anti-corruption campaign has been to restore the Chinese publics faith in its ruling party, which lost public trust in the wake of the Bo Xilai scandal and the Ling Jihua incident.3, Military Reform Xi achieved a milestone victory in restructuring the PLA, through efforts which have been officially referred to as military reform (). One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. Liu Zhiyan was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and he committed suicide in 1967, at the age of 49, by jumping from the Jinjian Hotel in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. Li advanced his early career primarily through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL), serving as secretary of the CCYL Committee at Peking University (198283). He also worked as deputy head of Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet (1992), and as deputy party secretary and head of Shannan Prefecture, Tibet (199597). Over the course of his first term, Xi has proven himself to be Chinas strongest leader since Deng Xiaoping. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. Cheng Li, Chinas Team of Rivals, Foreign Policy, March/April 2009, pp. She received her undergraduate degree in English at the PLA Foreign Language Institute in Luoyang and her doctoral degree in literature at the Chinese Academy of Social Science. Han was then made secretary of the CCYL committee of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government (198286), deputy party secretary of the Shanghai School of Chemical Engineering (198687), party secretary and deputy director of Shanghai No. By CHRIS BUCKLEY, August 19, 2013 (New York Times) HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. 101 School in the same district. Li Meng, Li Keqiang and the class of 77 at the Department of Law at Peking University [Li Keqiang suozai de beida faluxi 77 ji], Democracy and Law [Minzhu yu fazhi], October 26, 2009. Behavioral Perspective. 15963. Having served for two decades as a top administrator of Chinas pacesetting city, Shanghai, Han Zheng emerged from the 19th Party Congress as a top economic decision-maker in national leadership. She also served as party secretary of Dalian, Liaoning (200105), and as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) (200509). The couple does not have any children. Li joined the CCP in 1976. Subsequently, Han served as deputy secretary (199091) and secretary (199192) of the CCYL Shanghai Municipal Committee. (Of a ship) being moved by a tug. Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). Xi was reelected as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, and then as president of the PRC at the 13th National Peoples Congress in March 2018. 8893. He served as deputy secretary (198792) and secretary (199295) of the CCYL in Tibet. The warnings were not idle. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. She served as secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) of the Light Industry Bureau of Anshan City (197477), and served as a manager and party official of the Anshan Textile Factory (197788). Further, Xis work report at the 19th Party Congress established the Central Leading Group of Rule of Law in the party and a constitutional review system in the state. Hans reputation as a competent, seasoned financial and economic technocrat, as well as his market-friendly policy orientation in cosmopolitan Shanghai, has generally been well received in business communities both in China and abroad. For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. Li and his classmates translated important legal works from English into Chinese, including Lord Dennings The Due Process of Law and A History of the British Constitution2. You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government. At the peak of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) crisis, Wang was appointed mayor of Beijing (200407). Even as Mr. Xi has sought to prepare some reforms to expose Chinas economy to stronger market forces, he has undertaken a mass line campaign to enforce party authority that goes beyond the partys periodic calls for discipline. Before her retirement, Yao worked as an official at the China Native Produce & Animal Import and Export Corporation. Since the document was issued, the campaign for ideological orthodoxy has prompted a torrent of commentary and articles in party-run periodicals. However, several Chinese sources reveal that Wang and Xi became close friends over forty years ago, when both were sent-down youths in two neighboring counties in Yanan.3, Wang Qishan is viewed by the Chinese public as capable in crisis situations. Given her age, Sun will likely retire in the next leadership transition in 2022-23. In 2002, the school was renamed the Anshan Institute of Science and Technology. Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. It is likely that their friendship developed through growing up together in the same neighborhood. Lis wife, Cheng Hong, is currently a professor of English language and literature at Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing. In March 2007, Xi was appointed party secretary of Shanghai. Promotion of Western constitutional democracy is an attempt to negate the partys leadership, Cheng Xinping, a deputy head of propaganda for Hengyang, a city in Hunan, told a gathering of mining industry officials. Birdsourcing ~ Citizen Scientist Ornithology! The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 324. Yet, critics often point to the arrests and harassment of human rights lawyers in China as examples that the rule of law in China has actually regressed under Xis leadership. He was the first person from his county to attend Peking University. As a result, he squanders a precious opportunity to institutionalize the peaceful transfer of power in the PRC, undermining the example set by Jiang in 2002 and by Hu in 2012. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Sun also completed a masters program in management at Liaoning University in Shenyang (via part-time studies, 199295) and a masters program in politics at the Central Party School (via part-time studies, 200003). On the other, his politically conservative approach to governancein particular, his reliance on ideological oversight and media censorshiphas left him at loggerheads with many of the countrys intellectuals. Habit #3: Fix, make or bake stuff yourself, because it strengthens your independence of thought from the soul-robbing, imagination-sucking, corporate production of stuff. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 268. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). This latest action by Xi alienates two critical constituencies, whose power Xi may be underestimating. Western anti-China forces led by the United States have joined in one after the other, and colluded with dissidents within the country to make slanderous attacks on us in the name of so-called press freedom and constitutional democracy, said Zhang Guangdong, a propaganda official in Lianyungang, citing the conclusions from the meeting of central propaganda officials. The ramifications are very serious, because this seriously hurts the broad middle class and moderate reformers entrepreneurs and intellectuals. It has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that time are anachronistic. The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. Learn more. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, Chinas new top leader. She was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. subversive meaning: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. Its certainly had his approval and reflects his general views.. Then, an internal Party memo referred to as Document No. But leftists, feeling emboldened, could create trouble for Mr. Xis government, some analysts said. Therefore, Chinese public expectations in the lead-up to the 19th Party Congress were that Hu Chunhua would ascend to the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, which presented a serious challenge for Xi. Psychological perspectives are different ways of thinking about and explaining human behavior. He then served as deputy director of the Research Office and then deputy director of the Industrial Policy and Long-term Planning Department in the State Planning Commission (198898). Liu began his career as a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Jilin Province (196970)2. This includes four military alternate members of the 18th Central Committee who were promoted to be full members of the 19th Central Committee. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 281. Xi, who is on the cusp of his second presidential term, has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. Some of this cognitive dissonance may be temporary compromises as Xi positions himself to gain broad support from various forces in the country. Wang was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanan County, Shaanxi (1969-1971)2. Han worked in the warehouse of a lifting installation company in Shanghai, and as a clerk in the supply and marketing division of the same company. When you right-click in the folder and run "TortoiseSVN -> Switch" command, the "Switch to Branch / Tag" window appears on the screen. Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Subsurface current'. Liu He has contributed significantly to the new economic paradigms and concepts outlined in Xi Jinpings first term, such as the economic new normal and supply-side reform. His economic outlook is remarkably liberal. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. Even these relatively measured campaigns proved too much for party leaders, who are wary of any challenges that could swell into outright opposition. Liu He is widely considered to be an adviser rather than a policymaker. Sun Chunlan comes from a humble background. Han appears to have earned Xis support, obtaining a Politburo seat after Xi became general secretary of the CCP in 2012. First, her leadership experience running an important province (Fujian) and two major cities (Tianjin and Dalian), as well as her tenure as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee, have prepared her for even more important posts in the national leadership. As a Ph.D. student in economics, Li studied under Li Yining, a well-known economist whose theories have been instrumental in guiding Chinas state-owned enterprise reform. See Everybody Loves Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Qishan, Public Intelligence, January 23, 2011. Nevertheless, in his first term as premier, Li promoted a number of policy priorities. Their political connection likely began or was consolidated during her studies at the Central Party School in the early 1990s, when Hu served as president of the school2. He was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Fengyang County, Anhui (197476)1. 15, 2324. Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. Hu joined the CCP in 1983. Deep-ocean currents are initiated near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean, where cold, dense water sinks. Subversive definition, tending or intending to subvert or overthrow, destroy, or undermine an established or existing system, especially a legally constituted government or a set of beliefs. A how-to guide for managing the end of the post-Cold War era. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao- like figure . The heat transfer function of convection currents drives the earth's ocean currents, atmospheric weather and geology. Wang most recently served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (201217). Xis current wife, Peng Liyuan, is from his second marriage. Further, prior to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi visited Guangdong twice. As vice premier in charge of Chinas finance and economic structural reforms, Liu plays a key role in implementing Xis economic agenda, including that of innovation-driven and environment-sensitive urbanization, prevention of financial crisis, and poverty alleviation. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless. -1. 1. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. I dont believe we have a clear consensus on the precise mix of policies that are necessary to address this challenge. The New York Times has gotten hold of a secret Chinese Communist Party memo, which lists seven subversive currents in Chinese society, which could lead to the overthrow of the party after the fashion of the French Revolution. Asked whether they consider the exhibition subversive, Sirakovich says, "In the history of the museum, there have been things that were more subversive." And Mendelsohn adds: "I don't understand all the fuss over nudity. This left him with two potential paths for succession. Table of Contents. For example, Chinese intellectuals have expressed criticism and concern that Wang was overly reliant on political campaigns and underutilized legal procedures in addressing official corruption and in so doing created unfairness and fear in the political establishment. For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. Xis first marriage produced no children. Having been nominated by Hu, Li was promoted to alternate member of the CCYL Secretariat three months later. His ancestral home is Changli County, Hebei Province. In particular, Li has frequently called for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (, ). About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Lis mother-in-law, Liu Yiqing, was a journalist at the Xinhua News Agency. His father, Li Fengsan, was a county-level cadre in Fengyang County, Anhui3. The government blamed a subversive organization for the riots. These include township-centered urbanization (), affordable housing, employment, food security, public health care, clean energy technology, and the reduction of bureaucratic barriers for private sector development. His efforts have also included concerted attempts to seek a new model of great power relations with the United States. United States, Russian subversive tools appear to be limited to information, cyber, and political ones. According to an unverified source, Han Zhengs wife, Wan Ming, previously served as vice-chair of the Shanghai Charity Foundation. There certainly isnt a consensus on how much de-risking and decoupling is necessary to strike the right balance between national security concerns and upholding American values and principles that have long held dear the free flow of information, people, trade and open markets. Han joined the CCP in 1979. He received his undergraduate education from the history department at the Northwestern University in Xian City, Shaanxi Province (1976). Xi said, This is Liu He. Subsequently, Xi served as deputy secretary and then secretary of Zhengding County, Hebei Province (198285), and thereafter in Fujian Province as executive vice-mayor of Xiamen City (198588), party secretary of Ningde County (198890), party secretary of Fuzhou City (199096), deputy party secretary of Fujian Province (199699), governor of Fujian Province (19992002). She served as president of the PLA General Political Department Song and Dance Troupe and president of the PLA Art Institute. The mission of the Forum is to provide policy recommendations to the government on major economic issues. Which shows your current branch. Add a comment. In fact, Xi attended the Bayi School and Beijing No. He then served as deputy director of the State Council Information Office, where he was in charge of e-commerce and international cooperation (200103). This marked the first time in CCP history that a plenum concentrated on law. During these visits, Xi affirmed the good work carried out under Hu Chunhuas leadership, especially in the areas of supply-side economic reform, technological innovation, and social stability4. Wang Qishans toughness, popularity among the Chinese public, expertise in finance, and international reputation have made him indispensable to Xi. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Within the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee, Li served as alternate member (198385), secretary (198593), and first secretary (199398). Iyesa Express ~ Sizwe Nzima's Rx Cycle Delivery; Tomorrow's Cities ~ BBC on Smart Urban Living. Purpose. Han continued to advance his career in Shanghai, serving as vice-mayor (19982003), deputy party secretary (200212), mayor (200312), acting party secretary (2007), and finally party secretary (201217). Some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. Early in his career (197982), Xi served as a personal secretary (mishu) to Geng Biao, then minister of defense. Staff members at the Southern Weekend newspaper there protested after a propaganda official rewrote an editorial celebrating constitutionalism the idea that state and party power should be subject to a supreme law that prevents abuses and protects citizens rights. During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. Lis father-in-law, Cheng Jinrui, served as deputy secretary of the Henan Provincial CCYL Committee. Li Keqiang and Cheng Hong have one daughter, who received her undergraduate degree from Peking University and later studied in the United States, according to some unverified sources. Nudity and erotica have existed in art since prehistoric times. At Chinas 19th Party Congress last October, Xi refused to field any sixth-generation successors as part of the newly formed Politburo Standing Committee. Of the many noteworthy developments from this period, the following three efforts stand out: Anti-Graft Campaign With the support of his principal political ally in the PSC, anticorruption czar Wang Qishan, Xi launched a remarkably bold national anti-graft campaign. Cut off or cover the logos on your bag, shoes, clothes, repurpose a product and name it after yourself. subversive organizations Plato wrote that the potentially subversive qualities of music were such that it would not be permitted in the perfect state. He then served as a member of the Secretariat of the CCYL National Committee and vice-chairman of Chinas Youth Federation (19972001). He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. Li Keqiang worked closely with Hu, assisting him in convening the Sixth National Conference of the All-China Youth Federation in August 1983. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. In a disappointing turn for those who have upheld more optimistic prognoses for Xiand for Chinahe opted to revert the country back to the era of strongman politics and the personality cult. Attempting to shake the party's ideological and theoretical foundation. You have to commemorate him, and because hes already passed away, you can only speak well of him, not ill, Professor Xiao, the historian, said of Maos anniversary. Anyone can read what you share. (, SeeXi Jinpings Personal Secretary Suddenly Speaks Prior to Chinas Two Conferences: Some People Are Attempting An Internal Coup In the Party. [] Boxun, February 25, 2018. Second, her low-profile personality and her demonstrated tenacity and political acumen, most notable in removing Bo Xilais protgs in Dalian even before Bos downfall, are indicative of her potential for leadership and political nerve. To better deter Russian subversion, we suggest concentrating defensive efforts on the most vulnerable regions and institutions and ensuring Executive Vice Premier of the State Council (2018present), Member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) (2017present), Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms (2018present), Head of the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee (2018present), Head of the South-North Water Diversion Construction Project Committee (2018present), Head of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Joint Development Leading Group (2018present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction (2018present). Liu He has also been recognized for his humble demeanor. In his most recent State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump asserted that rivals like Chinachallenge our interests, our economy, and our values. Xis actions will only play into rising fears about China among Americans, who will further conflate Chinas leadership with that of other authoritarian regimes like Russia and Turkey. Liu He was born on January 25, 1952, in Beijing. She was a visiting scholar at Brown University in the mid-1990s. Xi Jinping was born on June 15, 1953, in Beijing. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. She later studied economic management in the Department of Economics at Liaoning University in Shenyang, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198184); participated in a program in economic management at the Liaoning Party School in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198991); and attended a one-year training program at the Central Party School in Beijing (199293). He also served as president of the Central Party School (200712), the most important venue for training officials and ideological/policy research in the CCP. Liu served as a chief drafter of the communiqu at the Third Plenum of the 18th National Party Congress, which claimed to be version 2.0 of Chinas market development.5. To Xi or not to Xi? He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). He serves as a professor of economics at Renmin University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Given his age, Liu will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo. He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). Zhang Lei, Nongchaoer [The man who paddles against the incoming tide], Nanfang Renwu Zhoukan [Southern People Weekly], August 26, 2013; and Wu Rujia and Lin Zijing, Wang Qishan lianpu [Changing roles of Wang Qishan], Fenghuang Zhoukan [Phoenix Weekly], December 5, 2013. Liu served as deputy director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, where he was responsible for overseeing macro-economic policy-planning and drafting speeches for CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao to deliver at annual CCP national conferences on economic affairs (200311). By Herb Kirchhoff. Back-draught of a wave. Wang will likely assist Xi in two important fields: China-U.S. relations and the Belt and Road Initiative. Both tasks will be very challenging due to the rapidly changing international environment. The pressures that prompted the partys ideological counteroffensive spilled onto the streets of Guangzhou, a city in southern China, early this year. The campaign carries some risks for Mr. Xi, who has indicated that the slowing economy needs new, more market-driven momentum that can come only from a relaxation of state influence. Officials have intensified efforts to block access to critical views on the Internet. Created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Avatar: The Last Airbender is an anime-influenced animated TV series aired on Nickelodeon.Set in a world separated into different elemental . In Yanchuan County, Anhui ( 197476 ) 1 to emphasize any one contributions... Ramifications are very serious, because this seriously hurts the broad middle and. 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