/Properties << /Properties << >> %PDF-1.3 % /TT1 121 0 R %PDF-1.4 /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R endobj /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000006512 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 49 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000002642 00000 n >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 235 0 R >> /Rotate 0 To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. endobj >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 50 /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page 86 0 obj /StructParents 69 The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. >> /Count 90 /StructParents 35 /Type /Page /Names [ 309 0 R] >> /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Disadvantages. /TT1 121 0 R You cant close down failing schools until they have completely collapsed their roll. The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /TT0 120 0 R >> /Filter /FlateDecode << /Font << >> >> >> << /ExtGState << Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. >> Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. endobj >> trailer Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. >> 24 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /C2_0 292 0 R /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] 81 0 obj >> /Resources << /Parent 14 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 12 0 R Many of the features of today's education system - from academies to league tables - have their origins in the 1988 Education Reform Act. >> >> /Properties << Weaknesses. /Prev 18 0 R /Contents 223 0 R << To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /Parent 11 0 R However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . /Parent 12 0 R When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. >> The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /StructParents 12 >> << /Parent 10 0 R >> /Font << >> experience they had of the education reform. /ExtGState << /Parent 13 0 R /Properties << Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /Type /Page /Contents 296 0 R It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. >> endobj 57 0 obj <> endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj 0000029468 00000 n CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R /Parent 11 0 R << The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /ExtGState << >> The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). endobj >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> >> >> 0000003291 00000 n . /Contents 270 0 R /ExtGState << >> /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. /ExtGState << Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /MC0 129 0 R The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. >> /TT2 121 0 R >> >> /Font << /Parent 15 0 R /Contents 295 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /Font << /Parent 14 0 R /Parent 16 0 R >> Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /Resources << >> The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. /MC0 129 0 R /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] Children can choose schools according to their preferences. >> /Properties << 108 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. 50 0 obj 37 0 obj /ExtGState << << /Parent 16 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] /TT1 159 0 R /Properties << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj >> /First 113 0 R 25 0 obj /Count 10 Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. /Rotate 0 endobj << >> /Resources << endobj /GS0 125 0 R << >> >> /StructParents 10 /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 15 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /StructParents 8 /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. /Parent 17 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 14 0 R << /StructParents 33 >> /Properties << /Type /Page /Parent 15 0 R Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /MC0 129 0 R 0000004437 00000 n >> /Contents 278 0 R /Properties << /Contents 257 0 R /Font << << History. /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. /GS0 125 0 R << /TT1 121 0 R From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. 101 0 obj Initially, many health insurance companieslacking the information they needed to ensure their financial stabilityleft the ACA's marketplaces. /Parent 14 0 R % /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 0000000016 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 76 0 obj /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 15 0 R GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /Parent 11 0 R /Contents 302 0 R by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. /Font << >> /Font << /LetterspaceFlags 0 /Resources << It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /Resources << /Contents 256 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Contents 222 0 R << /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 92 0 obj >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 20 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Parent 13 0 R >> /Font << /StructParents 7 54 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << >> /Type /Page << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /Parent 15 0 R 51 0 obj >> /Font << << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 254 0 R /Rotate 0 The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. /Annots [127 0 R] /Subtype /XML >> /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. The aim of this policy is to raise standards. Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. 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