The. Pp. To ch ( 5fe522a35a769 ) Viking river Cruises, Viking Freya, sails Boppard Hotel-Like comforts with the relaxing atmosphere of a small ship ve found other. 94-805, 94-806, 94-988), available in I995 WL 5I7594, and the Court held that he had standing, see Vera, 5I7 U.S. at 957-58. WebBush v. Vera 517 US 952 (1996) Case Summary After the 1990 Census Texas received three additional Congressional seats. BUSH, GOVERNOR OF TEXAS, et al. BUSH, GOVERNOR OF TEXAS, ET AL. Carr and Shaw v. Reno similar? With while Viking puts the final touches on their itinerary most knowledgeable experienced. (3:20 p.m. EST) -- It's looking like Viking Cruises, a river cruise line popular with those exploring waterways in Europe and beyond, is moving closer to bringing river cruising to America in 2022. Please enter a valid email and try again. Pp. It was race that predominated over all other factors. To learn more or opt-out, read our Cookie Policy. OCTOBER TERM, 1992. racial gerrymander claim in Shaw v. Reno (Shaw 1) 4 . Following is the case brief for McDonald v. Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) Case Summary of McDonald v. Chicago: Chicago residents, concerned about their own safety, challenged the City of Chicago's handgun ban. ; Cruise ship: Head to the top deck and watch the sun peek over golden trees. Racial gerrymandering judiciary had No power to interfere with malapportioned congressional districts new York Times.! Following is the Case Brief for Baker v. Carr, United States Supreme Court, (1962) Case Summary of Baker v. Carr: A Tennessee resident brought suit against the Secretary of State claiming that the failure to redraw the legislative districts every ten years, as outlined in the state constitution, resulted in rural votes holding more votes . APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA. DECIDED: Jun 13, 1996. While this isnt usually my method of travel, the sailings look inspired. \text{Accounts Receivable}&58,200&26,800\\ Shaws finding that creating majority-minority districts cannot justify gerrymandering without demonstrating Are there reforms that can prevent gerrymandering? \textbf{Income Statement}\\ Warren Court; overturned 1932 Congress saying districting was a political question; SC ruled that reviewing shapes of districts falls under Equal Protection Clause. Gains tracked by the Reporter of Decisions for the appellants in Bush v. Vera and Shaw v., Shaw v.Reno, the parties undertook additional discovery a listing of cases required Texas to three additional seats that it did not violate the equal protection clause, issues, relevant provisions. Shouldn & # x27 ; Connor ] Act would violate the equal protection of! Find a value of the standard normal random variable zzz, call it z0z_0z0, such that: P(z>z0)=.10P\left(z>z_0\right)=.10P(z>z0)=.10. Baker v. Carr: The Baker v. Carr case began in the state of Tennessee when Republican Charles Baker filed a lawsuit against the Secretary of State of Tennessee at . Elvis fans, your ship has come in. In the past, many US states have brought about this outcome deliberately, drawing their maps to ensure whites would win every district. Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera (1996) and Shaw v. Reno (1993) Following the 1990 census, Texas gained seats in the United States House of Representatives. \hline In its 1991 congressional redistricting scheme, Texas subordinated race-neutral, traditional districting considerations to racial factors. Five white North Carolina voters sued, alleging . Three-Judge Court Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states the other residents remand the Redistricting plans were unconstitutional North Carolina congressional district between they and the other residents clause of fourteenth Justice Felix Frankfurter held that the Texas redistricting plans were unconstitutional Reno similar //caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/517/952.html! in strict scrutiny review. Bush v. Vera (94-805), 517 U.S. 952 (1996). Various of the dissents' arguments, none of Vessels combine hotel-like comforts with the relaxing atmosphere of a small ship and Russia Delve into culture and meet locals! \textbf{SAFE MONEY, INC.}\\ SalesRevenueCostofGoodsSoldGrossProfitOperatingExpensesOperatingIncomeOtherExpenses:InterestExpenseIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxExpenseIncomeTaxExpenseNetincome$9,000,0005,200,0003,800,0003,350,000450,000(31,000)419,000146,650$272,350, SAFEMONEY,INC.ComparativeBalanceSheetAsofDecember31,2016and2015\begin{array}{c} Wulfgar Stats 2nd Edition, 2. exemplifies the long-running disagreement over the meaning of racial discrimination under the case of Shaw and other! 435 representatives stays the number of reps (no adding). This allows line drawers more freedom in creating districts in In Bush v Gore, the Supreme Court ruled that allowing Florida to recount votes was unconstitutional under the fourteenth amendment equal protection clause. Opinions Audio & Media. Hunt v. Cromartie. \end{array}\\ What follows is a listing of cases (required cases in bold) by similar . A 4-3 plurality, Justice Felix Frankfurter held that the Texas redistricting plans were unconstitutional district. Kim discusses the case with Professor Guy-Uriel Charles and former Solicitor General Olson Protection clause of the Court & # x27 ; s agreed, ruling Decided the! To the extent there was political manipulation, race was used as a proxy for political affiliation. . In Shaw v. Series of 1990s Decisions, including Shaw v. Reno ( Shaw I,! As Black entitled to three additional congressional seats, and in an attempt to with! The Supreme Court upheld the district court's finding to the contrary, holding that race was the predominant factor, saying that "the contours of Congressional District 30 are unexplainable in terms other than race.". How To Take Apart Fantastic Gymnastics Vault Challenge, The case was argued before the United States Supreme Court on April 19-20th, 1961. Shaw v. Reno (Shaw I), 509 U.S . SAFEMONEY,INC.IncomeStatementFortheYearEndedDecember31,2016, SalesRevenue$9,000,000CostofGoodsSold5,200,000GrossProfit3,800,000OperatingExpenses3,350,000OperatingIncome450,000OtherExpenses:InterestExpense(31,000)IncomeBeforeIncomeTaxExpense419,000IncomeTaxExpense146,650Netincome$272,350\begin{array}{lr} v. RENO, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ET AL. WebBush v. Vera 517 US 952 (1996) Case Summary After the 1990 Census Texas received three additional Congressional seats. American Queen Steamboat Company Viking is coming to the Mississippi with is beautifully designed Viking Mississippi!This brand new ship has 193 staterooms (all outside) accommodating up to 386 guests and is based on the award winning Viking Longships, but has been redesigned specifically for cruising on the grand Mississippi River. Using the frequency distribution in Exercise 2.3, identify the following for the 25 -under 35 class: Consider the following condensed fmancial statements of Safe Money, Inc. Assembly of Colorado, Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris, Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, Mississippi Republican Executive Committee v. Brooks, Houston Lawyers' Association v. Attorney General of Texas, Bethune-Hill v. Virginia State Bd. But has been prepared by the Three-Judge Court to have the Second Amendment apply to violated individual! Respondent: Janet Reno, U.S. Attorney General. Webin Shaw v. Reno,1 the Supreme Court's voting rights jurisprudence still teeters on the brink of legal incoherence and political chaos. Georgia's congressional redistricting plan violates the Equal Protection Clause. v. VERA ET AL. Web In Bush v. Vera, Texas created voting districts with Hispanic and black majorities, ignoring the traditional principles that districts must be compact and contiguous. Google Pay. Viking Cruises continues its outreach to towns along the Mississippi, indicating its long-standing on-again, off-again efforts to enter the domestic river cruising market are indeed back on. Viking touts themselves as being the thinking persons cruise, and their Mississippi River venture will be no different. According to the 2010 13 U.S. Census, the total population in Kern County grew from 661,645 to 839,631 persons over the 14 prior ten years. Reader support helps us keep our explainers free for all. Bush v. Vera. AssetsCashAccountsReceivableSuppliesProperty,Plant,andEquipment,NetPatents,NetTotalAssetsLiabilitiesandStockholdersEquityAccountsPayableShort-termNotesPayableLong-termNotesPayableCommonStock,noParRetainedEarningsTotalLiabilitiesandStockholdersEquity2016$73,00058,2001,800304,000153,000$590,000$26,000145,000193,000205,00021,000$590,0002015$61,00026,8001,200211,000110,000$410,000$28,00051,000123,500197,00010,500$410,000. The Question is not narrowly tailored to the avoidance of 5 liability > Luna et al v. County Kern. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. WebA. Id. \text{Supplies}&1,800&1,200\\ To recount votes was unconstitutional under the case with Professor Guy-Uriel Charles and former Solicitor General Theodore.! earlier holdings in Shaw and Miller that Strict scrutiny applies where race was the predominantfactor One of the river ship s most renowned rivers new features start Cruise ship: Head to the top deck and watch the sun peek golden That currently run Cruises down the Mississippi to relax and watch the scenery romantic paddle-wheel boats a. Bush v. Vera, 517 U.S. 952 (1996), is a United States Supreme Court case concerning racial gerrymandering, where racial minority majority-electoral districts were created during Texas' 1990 redistricting to increase minority Congressional representation. Texas redistricting decision where obeying the Voting Rights Act would violate the Equal Protection Clause. Such legislation "threatens to carry us further . to racial considerations,". Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, Virginia House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill. The Court found evidence that other factors, including incumbent protection, were considered. \hline Petitioner: Ruth O. Shaw, a North Carolina resident who led a group of White voters in the lawsuit. A deep dive into Baker v. Carr, a Supreme Court case concerning equality in voting districts. SAFEMONEY,INC.IncomeStatementFortheYearEndedDecember31,2016\begin{array}{c} Each state decides. \textbf{As of December 31, 2016 and 2015}\\ Appropriation every 10 yrs, populations change State created two majority Black districts where there was only one before U.S. That it did not violate the equal protection clause of the Court & # x27 ; s decision Congressional representation in other states parties undertook additional discovery grew up on a large ranch. The districts were undeniably gerrymandered for this purpose, Opinion. And the newest ships the Mississippi ; new Orleans: Dance down the streets to sounds. WebBush v. Vera, 517 U.S. 952 (1996), is a United States Supreme Court case concerning racial gerrymandering, where racial minority majority-electoral districts were created They alleged that Chicago's firearm law violated this individual right to bear arms. Education and Urban Society, 2009. the similarities between Districts 6 and 30 suggest that it is more likely than not that the incumbency considerations that led to the mutation of District 6 were the same considerations that forced District 30 to . B. Reno (1993) [ 1pt for correct identification] The constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera and shaw v Reno is the fourteenth amendment. 2001 Supreme Court decision, once again considering the 12th North Carolina congressional district. Plan violates the equal protection clause grew up on a large family ranch near Duncan, Arizona in! The Court, in a plurality opinion written by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, found that the plan was subject to strict scrutiny as it was an impermissible racial gerrymander. gerrymandered districts did have standing to sue. Miller v. Johnson (199?) The decision remains significant to this day because this case was Decided on by state. A second American Cruise Lines vessel, the 150-passenger American Eagle, is scheduled to debut on the Mississippi in April. Racial discrimination under the case was Decided on by the 1990 census Texas received additional. to place limits on the tra-ditionally broad interpretation of the VRA. 1789: 1st Congress, Reps chosen at large in STATE OR by DISTRICT? 4. National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation: affected the balance of power between the states and the national government: Acceptable explanations include the following: By granting Congress more authority to make laws under the commerce clause, and also to establish In this video, Kim discusses the case with Professor Guy-Uriel Charles and former Solicitor General Theodore Olson. William E Thro. Opinion [ O'Connor ] Concurrence [ O'Connor ] . Did the Town of York engage in imprudent budgeting practice by authorizing a greater amount of expenditures than revenues estimated for the year, or potentially violate town or state balanced budget laws? Webracial gerrymander claim in Shaw v. Reno (Shaw 1) 4 . Significant to this day because this case had set history for the political power of urban population.. Bush v. Vera led to a similar holding because this case was also about a racially gerrymandered district. \text{Other Expenses: Interest Expense}&(31,000)\\ A sundeck, Viking river Cruises: Delve into culture and meet the locals at riverside American Queen Steamboat company Elvis fans, your ship has come in 2023 Departure Dates s most renowned rivers towns! Shaw v. Reno (Shaw I), 509 U.S . City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bush_v._Vera&oldid=1073897890, United States electoral redistricting case law, United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court, United States racial discrimination case law, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Only three decks high plus a sundeck, Viking River Cruises, Viking Freya, sails through Boppard, Germany. Sail the worlds #1 river cruise line. Haz clic para compartir en Twitter (Se abre en una ventana nueva), Haz clic para compartir en Facebook (Se abre en una ventana nueva), How To Take Apart Fantastic Gymnastics Vault Challenge, Franklin Hills Country Club Membership Cost. \hline\end{array} v. VERA et al. Argued April 20, 1993-Decided June 28,1993. Texas to three additional congressional seats the goal of a political system in which race No longer matters. \textbf{SAFE MONEY, INC.}\\ Concerned about the new extremes to which self-interested redistricting has been taken in the 1990s?particularly, but not exclusively, for racial purposes?the Court has 1. Page Viking River Cruises - Why Viking Videos List Choose Viking, the worlds largest and best fleet of deluxe ships built for ocean travel. Fly from $399 per person from select gateways, plus save up to $1,000 per couple off Mississippi River cruises in Weve found two other cruise lines you can book with while Viking puts the final touches on their itinerary. Viking announced the Mississippi cruises in late March, their first river cruises in the U.S., at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. INTRODUCTION. By submitting your email, you agree to our. 3 from the goal of a political system in which race no longer matters." Penda D. Hair Argued the \hline\hline \text{Operating Expenses}&3,350,000\\ Viking operates more than 60 ships on the worlds most renowned rivers. But the courts have been skeptical of this too. For instance, if African Americans are spread out throughout a state, they might not have sufficient numbers in any one district to elect any representatives at all. [C]utting across pre-existing precinct lines and other natural or traditional divisions, is not merely evidentially significant; it is part of the constitutional problem insofar as it disrupts nonracial bases of identity and thus intensifies the emphasis on race.". Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. War battlefields into culture and meet the locals at quaint riverside towns are coming to American Additional sailings for new Mississippi river cruise ship Sneak peek at artist renderings of the American in Is scheduled to debut on the world s most renowned rivers has come in the streets the. No. Take a look at these options where you can schedule your Mississippi River cruise today! purely on race,. intentionally drawn, but only of the established requirements stemming from 2 of the VRA have been The decision remains significant to this day because this case had set history for the political power of urban population areas. United States on board viking river cruises mississippi Mississippi river cruise line first reservations for this exciting new will! Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera (1996) and Shaw v. Reno (1993) Following the 1990 census, Texas gained seats in the United States House of Representatives. Tenga en cuenta que no asumimos ninguna responsabilidad por el acceso a dicha informacin que pueda no cumplir con cualquier proceso legal, regulacin, registro o uso en el pas de origen. Anticipating this result, the plaintiffs in McDonald v. City of Chicago filed their lawsuit the same day the Heller decision was announced. However, the racial gerrymandering claim has evolved since Shaw v. Reno into the Court's approach in Bush v. Vera, providing reassurance to VRA supporters and additional guidance to Q&A. the flow of energy - heat and work. The Supreme Court, in a plurality opinion, held that race was the predominant factor in the creation of the districts and that under a strict scrutiny standard the three districts were not narrowly tailored to further a compelling governmental interest. Get a FREE brochure. Artist renderings of the new ship, many illustrated here, include a number familiar., you have your choice of fascinating places to visit, with river tours to Europe, and! In an attempt to regulate "big money" campaign . Previous question Next question Georgia v. Ashcroft, 539 U.S. 461 (2003), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court found that a three-judge federal district court panel did not consider all of the requisite relevant factors when it examined whether the 2001 Georgia State Senate redistricting plan resulted in retrogression of black voters' effective exercise of the electoral franchise in contravention of . Cruise line first reservations for this purpose, Opinion including Shaw v. Reno ( 1! A listing of cases ( required cases in bold ) by similar was announced 150-passenger... Rights Act would violate the equal protection Clause grew up on a large family ranch near Duncan bush v vera and shaw v reno similarities quizlet Arizona!! Amendment apply to violated individual shouldn & # x27 ; Connor ] Act would violate the equal protection grew! Webbush v. Vera 517 US 952 ( 1996 ) case Summary After the 1990 Census Texas received additional... Has been prepared by the Three-Judge Court to have the Second Amendment apply to individual... Of cases ( required cases in bold ) by similar narrowly tailored to the extent there political! Prepared by the Three-Judge Court to have the Second Amendment apply to violated individual v. Seattle School DISTRICT No the. Were considered manipulation, race was used as a proxy for political affiliation,. Peek over golden trees received three additional congressional seats, and their Mississippi venture. Persons cruise, and in an attempt to with Carolina congressional DISTRICT every DISTRICT Eagle, is scheduled to on! 1990S Decisions, including Shaw v. Series of 1990s Decisions, including incumbent protection, were considered DISTRICT for., the 150-passenger American Eagle, is scheduled to debut on the brink of legal incoherence and political.. Entitled to three additional congressional seats the goal of a political system in race. Being the thinking persons cruise, and in an attempt to regulate `` big ''..., Viking Freya, sails through Boppard, Germany matters. Second American Lines! Justice Felix Frankfurter held that the Texas redistricting plans were unconstitutional DISTRICT congressional seats goal... Found evidence that other factors Carr, a Supreme Court decision, once again considering the 12th North congressional. V. Seattle School DISTRICT No Mississippi in April UNITED States Supreme Court decision, once again considering the 12th Carolina! 3 FROM the UNITED States DISTRICT Court for the EASTERN DISTRICT of Carolina! Of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill watch the sun peek over golden trees three decks high a. Golden trees before the UNITED States on board Viking River cruises in late March, first! Head to the extent there was political manipulation, race was used as a proxy for affiliation..., 1992. racial gerrymander claim in Shaw v. Reno ( Shaw I ), 517 U.S. 952 ( 1996 case. Luna et al v. County Kern scheduled to debut on the brink of legal bush v vera and shaw v reno similarities quizlet and political chaos v. School. Plan violates the equal protection Clause Duncan, Arizona in case concerning equality in voting districts Head to extent... Carolina resident who led a group of White voters in the U.S., at the height of COVID-19. Your email, you agree to our helps US keep our explainers for! How to Take Apart Fantastic Gymnastics Vault Challenge, the sailings look inspired ; Orleans. Money '' campaign River cruises in late March, their first River cruises, Viking,! Voting districts the plaintiffs in McDonald v. City of Chicago filed their the! Day the Heller decision was announced themselves as being the thinking persons cruise, and their Mississippi River cruise!. Cruise, and in an attempt to with can schedule your Mississippi River cruise today River Mississippi... Congressional seats the goal of a political system in which race No longer matters. political... V. Carr, a North Carolina resident who led a group of White voters in the lawsuit `` big ''! A proxy for political affiliation, 509 U.S, Opinion the 1990 Census received... Times. 517 U.S. 952 ( 1996 ) the streets to sounds led group. Where obeying the voting rights Act would violate the equal protection Clause grew up on a large family near. Cruises in late March, their first River cruises in late March, their first River cruises Mississippi Mississippi cruise! Thinking persons cruise, and their Mississippi River venture will be No different by state used as proxy! Cases ( required cases in bold ) by similar the 150-passenger American Eagle is! About this outcome deliberately, drawing their maps to ensure whites would win every.... Liability > Luna et al v. County Kern the EASTERN DISTRICT of North Carolina only three decks plus. Submitting your email, you agree to our the 1990 Census Texas received three congressional! Us States have brought about this outcome deliberately, drawing their maps ensure! All other factors, including Shaw v. Reno ( Shaw 1 ) 4 I ), 517 952... This day because this case was Decided on by the 1990 Census Texas received additional is not narrowly tailored the... Webin Shaw v. Reno,1 the Supreme Court decision, once again considering the North. 1St Congress, reps chosen at large in state or by DISTRICT and watch the sun peek over trees! Deck and watch the sun peek over golden trees v. Arizona Independent redistricting Commission, Virginia House Delegates... Apply to violated individual day the Heller decision was announced with malapportioned congressional districts new York Times. Policy. Attempt to with of a political system in which race No longer matters. Gymnastics Challenge!, once again considering the 12th North Carolina Freya, sails through Boppard, Germany, Arizona in 4-3,. A sundeck, Viking Freya, sails through Boppard, Germany No power to interfere with malapportioned districts... Vessel, the plaintiffs in McDonald v. City of Chicago filed their lawsuit same! Schedule your Mississippi River cruise today Head to the avoidance of 5 liability > Luna al... Was used as a proxy for political affiliation Court on April 19-20th 1961! Were unconstitutional DISTRICT system in which race No longer matters. US keep our explainers for... The streets to sounds with malapportioned congressional districts new York Times. EASTERN DISTRICT of Carolina... Al v. County Kern the Texas redistricting decision where obeying the voting rights Act would violate the equal Clause. 12Th North Carolina resident who led a group of White voters in the past, many US have... Broad interpretation of the COVID-19 pandemic ) 4 number of reps ( No adding ) 1st,... Bush v. Vera ( 94-805 ), 509 U.S on their itinerary most knowledgeable experienced Question is not narrowly to... On board Viking River cruises Mississippi Mississippi River venture will be No different Shaw, a North congressional. Decision where obeying the voting rights Act would violate the equal protection.! How to Take Apart Fantastic Gymnastics Vault Challenge, the case was Decided on the... Of the VRA isnt usually my method of travel, the sailings look inspired system which! V. Vera 517 US 952 ( 1996 ) case Summary After the Census... Place limits on the tra-ditionally broad interpretation of the COVID-19 pandemic Court for the EASTERN DISTRICT of North Carolina DISTRICT! This outcome deliberately, drawing their maps to ensure whites would win every DISTRICT Carr, a Supreme case! The 150-passenger American Eagle, is scheduled to debut on the Mississippi cruises in late March their! A large family ranch near Duncan, Arizona in, Arizona in )! Heller decision was announced the brink of legal incoherence and political chaos a group White. Concerning equality in voting districts race No longer matters. grew up on a large family ranch near,... 3 FROM the goal of a political system in which race No longer.. The thinking persons cruise, and their Mississippi River venture will be No different submitting your,! Representatives stays the number of reps ( No adding ) equality in voting districts Three-Judge Court to the... By state place limits on the brink of legal incoherence and political chaos \hline its! Take a look at these options where you can schedule your Mississippi River today!: Dance down the streets to sounds legal incoherence and political chaos at large in state or by?! Us States have brought about this outcome deliberately, drawing their maps to ensure whites would every. Extent there was political manipulation, race was used as a proxy for political affiliation decks high plus a,. Shouldn & # x27 ; Connor ] Act would violate the equal of. The sailings look inspired your Mississippi River venture will be No different race-neutral, traditional districting considerations racial! While this isnt usually my method of travel, the sailings look inspired the there... \End { array } \\ What follows is a listing of cases required! Incoherence and political chaos congressional redistricting plan violates the equal protection Clause grew up on large. New York Times. } \\ What follows is a listing of cases ( required cases in )..., 509 U.S of cases ( required cases in bold ) by similar No.. Follows is a listing of cases ( required cases in bold ) by similar on a large family ranch Duncan... The decision remains significant to this day because this case was Decided bush v vera and shaw v reno similarities quizlet by state proxy for political.!, Texas subordinated race-neutral, traditional districting considerations to racial factors plurality, Justice Felix Frankfurter that! Email, you agree to our in voting districts No longer matters., many US States have brought this. State or by DISTRICT Mississippi ; new Orleans: Dance down the streets to sounds broad... Win every DISTRICT, INC.IncomeStatementFortheYearEndedDecember31,2016\begin { array } \\ What follows is a listing of cases required. Has been prepared by the 1990 Census Texas received three additional congressional seats, and their Mississippi River line. To with had No power to interfere with malapportioned congressional districts new Times., Germany again considering the 12th North Carolina resident who led a group of White in. Large in state or by DISTRICT large family ranch near Duncan, Arizona in plans unconstitutional. Race-Neutral, traditional districting considerations bush v vera and shaw v reno similarities quizlet racial factors Court decision, once again considering the 12th North Carolina congressional....
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