In this election, George Washington was elected for the first of his two terms as President of the United States, and John Adams became . After a quorum was finally established, the Congress counted and certified the electoral vote count on April 6. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. The Campaign and Election of 1796: Throughout Washington's presidency, Vice President Adams regarded himself as the heir apparent. But there was never any evidence that it was true. As expected, Washington received the maximum of 132 electoral votes and was therefore reelected as president. For example, Alexander Hamilton spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in Mount Vernon to serve as the first President, he wrote that "the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state.". The Iowa Journal of History and Politics 2 (1904): 3-33. United States presidential election, 1792, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14, 179293 United States House of Representatives elections, List of 1792 United States presidential electors, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "1792 President of the United States, Electoral College", "A New Nation Votes - VA US President Race - Nov 00, 1792", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825, Presidential Election of 1792: A Resource Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1792_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141036351, state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, each elector appointed by the state legislature, two Congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in Congressional district, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a Congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14. Strange, Fun and Weird Facts about US Presidents. Adams lost all of the electoral votes of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Georgia. Editor's . Although John Ramage (circa 1748-1802) is well-known among art historians and collectors of portrait miniatures, his name is not immediately associated with Washington portraiture. Washington appeared on all 69 ballots, while nearly half the voters cast their second vote for John Adams, who was duly elected vice president. One of the ragged legions of gold and silver prospectors who combed the Rocky Mountains searching for fortune in the 1860s,AlferdPacker also supplemented his meager income read more, On January 7, 1891, Zora Neale Hurston, novelist and folklorist, is born inNotasulga, Alabama. New York, however, failed to field a slate of electors. The states chose 135 electors, out of whom 132 cast ballots. Washington set the precedents for how these roles would interact with the presidency, establishing the cabinet as the chief executive's private, trusted advisors. Washington received 132 electoral votes, one from each elector. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. 19. level 2. Under this system, each elector cast two votes: the candidate who received the greatest number of votes (so long as they won a majority) became president, while the runner-up became vice president. John Hancock did even worse. John Adams. For example, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did not inadvertently tie Washington in the electoral vote. As expected, George Washington won the . Crossword clues for Who ran against George Washington for president Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. (2002). 3 (September 2006): 373-390. Her father found a note on the floor asking for a $20,000 ransom. Jefferson suggested John Jay, John Rutledge, and Virginian James Madison as other possible candidates. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). (b) Pre-Twelfth Amendment electoral vote rules obscure the intentions of the voters(c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. Washington also did not run unopposed for the second election. Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. The next highest total was that of Founding Father, He was also one of the anonymous writers responsible for the, He received the congressional notification about his win on April 16th before taking part in the first-ever, Washingtons Election for the Second Presidential Term. (a) Only 6 of the 15 states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Illustration by Joe Ciardiello. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". Following the Constitutional Convention of May 1787, over which George Washington had presided, his ascent to the presidency was all but a fait accompli. That would make John Adams the leading person who ran against Washington in the 1788 election, as he served as the VP. George Washington was the first President of the United States. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. During a presidential election year, on Election Day (the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November), the electors from the party that gets the most popular votes are elected in a winner-take-all-system, with the exception of Maine and Nebraska, which allocate electors proportionally. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Web. He came across the Hudson River in a specially built barge decorated in red, white, and blue. Though filled with great anxiety, Washington reported for duty "in obedience to the public summons" and explained that "the voice of my Country called me. Of course, everyone also loves a president that served in the military as General Washington did. Print. In 1792, the second presidential election, George Washington was unanimously re-elected president of the United States. 6577. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The inaugural ceremony was performed on Wall Street, near the spot now marked by John Quincy Adams Wards statue of Washington. This was the only U.S. presidential election that spanned two calendar years without a contingent election and the first national presidential election in American history. was voting in a mayoral election for the first time since moving to the city four years ago . Voters cast ballots to choose state electors; only white men who owned property were allowed to vote. 1. In most states only white men, and in many only those who owned property, could vote. Donald Trump said he could beat George Washington in an election, even with Abraham Lincoln as running mate. President Washington's inauguration was celebrated with illuminations and fireworks. Unanimously elected twice, President George Washington helped shape the office's future role and powers, as well as set both formal and informal precedents for future presidents. John Adams and George Clinton both played a part in each election. Paullin, Charles O. Although at the time of her death in 1960, Hurston had published more books than any other Black woman in America, she was unable to capture a mainstream audience in her lifetime, and read more, A massive mine explosion leaves nearly 100 dead in Krebs, Oklahoma, on January 7, 1892. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay, who finished second with nine electoral votes. First president who ran for election and won? Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? Source: A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825[10], The Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their Electors were chosen. Adams won 77 electoral votes, enough to win re-election. Though all states allowed some rudimentary form of popular vote, only six ratifying states allowed any form of popular vote specifically for presidential electors. One exhilarated eyewitness recalled that " my sensibility was wound to such a pitch that I could do no more than wave my hat with the rest, without the power of joining in the requested acclamations which rent the air!" Fifteen states cast electoral votes in 1792: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia. Washington was supported by practically all sides throughout his presidency and gained more popularity with the passage of the Bill of Rights. Incumbent President George Washington was elected to a second term by a unanimous vote in the electoral college, while John Adams was re-elected as vice president. Those chosen would cast their votes a month later, on February 4. The party further split on two key social issues: Catholicism and prohibition. The candidate with the second most votes in the Electoral College, whether a majority or a plurality, was elected vice president. American Presidential Campaigns and Elections. Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 17761789. The president and vice president are the only elected federal officials chosen by the Electoral College instead of by direct popular vote. Source: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Electoral College Box Scores 17891996". Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty. Both factions supported Washington for president. Five candidates split the remaining seven votes. 11037. The distribution of the electoral vote between the four runners-up showed a high degree of party discipline, with only two electors voting contrary to the majority in their state. On January 6, as a formality, the electoral votes are counted before Congress and on January 20, the commander in chief is sworn into office. Source (popular vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 17871825[10]. Clinton was from an electorally important swing state, and he convinced party leaders that he would be a stronger candidate than another New Yorker, Senator Aaron Burr. Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. It was the first contested American presidential election . The most significant features of this book are Washingtons personal notes, penciled in the margins. 12 other men were on the ballot for that first election in 1789. Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral vote. Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot is the first incumbent in 40 years to be ousted after just one term. However, Clinton received only three electoral votes. Source: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Dubin, Michael J. Other candidates receiving multiple electoral votes were John Jay (9), Robert Harrison (6), John Rutledge (6), John Hancock (4), and George Clinton (3). Yet, Ramage painted George Washington from the life and was the first artist to whom he sat as President of the United States. (a) Only 6 of the 10 states casting electoral votes chose electors by any form of the popular vote. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. Today political parties usually nominate their slate of electors at their state conventions or by a vote of the partys central state committee, with party loyalists often being picked for the job. Athens, O.: United States Capitol Historical Society by Ohio U, 1999. But it's not the first time . We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. A Whig who sympathized with the Americans, Howe took over as the commander in chief of the British Army in 1776. Adams received votes from 77 electors and Clinton 50; the four electors from Kentucky voted for Thomas Jefferson, and one South Carolina elector voted for Aaron Burr. He formed the Democratic-Republican Party along with Anti-Federalist Thomas Jefferson in 1792. He presided over the Constitutional Convention and encouraged some unsure about the new Constitution to, There Were 12 Candidates on the Final Ballot, John Adams Was a Worthy and Popular Opponent, He was arguably more influential on the world stage than Washington, having played an important role in the Continental Congress and the, Other Well-Known Figures Didnt Do As Well, From there, the rest of the field received very few votes each. Creating the American Presidency, 1775-1789. Carrying large and small states, northern and southern states, Washington received 132 electoral votes, one vote from each participant in the Electoral College. But, all of the 64 electors unanimously agreed on George Washington as their first pick. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. On Feb. 4, 1789, electors convened in 10 states to cast their ballots. (The previous two were the presidential elections of 1789 and 1792, in which George Washington ran without serious opposition.) ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. The choice for vice president was more divisive. Advertisement. George Washingtons cabinet included just four original members: Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. Washington considered retirement after one term, preferring a return to the quiet comfort of Mount Vernon. In 1789, the first presidential election, George Washingtonwas unanimously elected president of the United States. Inventing Congress: Origins and Establishment of the First Federal Congress. However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political . The results of the 1792 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. There was no precedent for this office in a world full of kings, leaving Washington the monumental task of figuring out how to act like a president. Following the ratification of the Constitution by the necessary nine states in July of 1788, Congress set January 7 of the following year as the date by which states were required to choose electors. "Alexander Hamilton". Omissions? Updates? However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political climatemarked not only by the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France but also by a growing internal dispute between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that often divided along regional linesdemanded a president who could reliably maintain the young countrys stability. United States presidential election of 1792, American presidential election held in 1792, in which George Washington unanimously won a second term as president of the United States. Although James Degnan went on the radio to plead for his daughters safety, the kidnapper never made any contact or read more, Just six days after the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba, U.S. officials recognize the new provisional government of the island nation. Although Washington had been considering retiring, both sides encouraged him to remain in office to bridge factional differences. in English. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December of a presidential election year, each states electors meet, usually in their state capitol, and simultaneously cast their ballots nationwide. Learn more about George Washington's annotated copy of The Acts of Congress - one of the prized holdings in our Library collection. On February 4, 1789, the Electoral College convened. No nomination process existed at the time of planning, and thus, the framers of the Constitution presumed that Washington would be elected unopposed. John Kerry was the democratic nominee for president in 2004 and ran against George Bush. 1820 Presidential Election. Craig R. Coenen. : U of Connecticut, n.d, 1999. The American People as Christian White Men of Property:Suffrage and Elections in Colonial and Early National America. The deadlock still stood on January 7, 1789, the last day for electors to be chosen by the states, and New York thus failed to appoint the eight electors allocated to it by the constitution. Neither party had fully organized, and partisan divisions had not yet solidified. This time, the field was narrow. The remainder of the votes were divided among 10 other candidates. A month later, on February 4,George Washington was elected president by state electors and sworn into office on April 30, 1789. All Rights Reserved. (d) As the New York legislature failed to appoint its allotted eight electors in time, there were no voting electors from New York. Of the 72 electors, all but three cast their ballots (electors voted for two candidates). But Washington's tremendous popularity was not transferable to Adams across the country, as the Vice President lost the South. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000. The Federalists wanted Adams to remain vice president, while the Democratic-Republicans favored George Clinton. Bowling, Kenneth R., and Donald R. Kennon. The popular vote totals used are the elector from each party with the highest vote totals. Defenders of Washingtons policies would become the Federalist Party. As it did in 1789, the United States still uses the Electoral College system, which today gives all American citizens over the age of 18 the right to vote for electors, who in turn vote for the president. As per the terms of the unamended constitution, each elector was permitted two votes for president, with a majority of "the whole number of electors appointed" necessary to elect a president. On April 30, 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first president. Commenting on his re-election, Washington proclaimed, "I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its chief magistrate. When Washington, in his Farewell Address, published in September 1796, announced his intention to . He presided over the Constitutional Convention and encouraged some unsure about the new Constitution to add their signature. (Two electors from Maryland and one from Vermont were absent and did not vote.) Regional and partisan divisions were evident in the vote distribution. Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. John Jay was similar to John Adams regarding his influence in politics and foreign affairs. Washington also did not run unopposed for the second election. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. In short, we can celebrate that Founding Father George Washington was so highly beloved and respected that every elector cast their first vote for him. As the only true national, interregional hero, Washington--the inevitable president in 1789--had become the indispensable president. Several other candidates sought the nomination, including Speaker of the House John Nance Garner of Texas (who found support in the west) and the party's 1928 candidate, Alfred Smith (who ran strong in the urban northeast). On the other hand, Washington could not escape his conscience. According to the law, appointed electors were to meet in each state on the first Wednesday in December, and on Dec. 5, 1792, electors from each of the 15 states (the 13 former colonies plus the new states of Vermont and Kentucky) duly assembled to cast their ballots. February 20, 2017. At the time, party organizations were still in their infancy, and the partisan allegiance of the candidates was not always evident: it is therefore difficult to say whether the Pennsylvania vote for Clinton was an instance of a faithless elector, or an elector voting as pledged.[5][6]. All 69 electors cast one vote for Washington, making his election unanimous. President George Washington served his first term with Adams as his vice president from April 1789. The successful execution of a second democratic election in the United States helped legitimize the institution of the American presidency. Almost seven years later, there is still no evidence. In most states, the congressional elections were recognized in some sense as a "struggle between the Treasury department and the republican interest," to use the words of Jefferson strategist John Beckley. North Carolina and Rhode Island were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the Constitution. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. The sitting took place on October 3, 1789, probably in the president's official residence on Cherry Street in New York. The recipient of the most votes would then become president, and the runner-up vice president. The electors were split on their second choice: Adams received 77 votes to Clinton's 50, enough to secure a second-place finish behind Washington and the vice presidency. Many Democratic-Republicans would have preferred to nominate Thomas Jefferson, their ideological leader and Washington's Secretary of State. ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. Indeed, that alone explains his willingness to endure eight years in the vice presidency, an office devoid of power. The Washington Post ran with it the first day, as if it were true. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including John Jay, who finished third with nine electoral votes. Need help with homework? Spend the day with us! Behind Washington, John Adams, who most recently had served as the first U.S. ambassador to Great Britain, finished with 34 electoral votes and became the first vice president of the United States. 1273 Words6 Pages. Two months passed after the election before the votes were counted and Washington was notified that he had been elected president. Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. This is also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president. However, we cant forget that there was competition from 11 other men in that maiden presidential election. (b) One electoral district failed to choose an elector. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Upon hearing the news of his decisive election, Washington set out from Mount Vernon to take his place in presidential history. The election took place following the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. Sixty-nine electors voted out of a possible 91. The other six chose electors through some form involving a popular vote, though in only two states did the choice depend directly on a statewide vote. London, UK: Penguin Books. Washington was clad in a brown suit of American manufacture, but he wore white stockings and a sword after the fashion of European courts. Who ran against George Washington in the first election? As with the previous presidential election, each elector voted for two candidates. Need help with homework? For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 1796. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Dinkin, Robert J. Donald Trump. 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The hearts of his countrymen '' 2 ( 1904 ): a Study of Elections Colonial! Only those who owned property, could vote. could beat George Washington served his term! Both sides encouraged him to remain in office to bridge factional differences would. John Rutledge, and Virginian James Madison as other possible candidates in 2004 and ran against in. Inevitable president in 2004 and who ran against george washington in the first election against George Bush many Democratic-Republicans would have preferred to nominate Thomas resigned. Democratic-Republicans would have preferred to nominate Thomas Jefferson in 1792 previous two the... April 6 69 electors cast one vote for Washington, in his Farewell Address, published September! Owned and maintained by the electoral College, whether a majority or a,!
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