What invention supported the car industry? I like a little competition, but I like combination more." (a) What does the mud look like when Amparo first sees it, and how does it change by the end of the story? Du Bois edited the NAACPs official magazine, The Crisis, from 1910 to 1934, publishing many of the leading voices in African American literature and politics and helping fuel the spread of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being Black. Two people were killed and close to 200 injured in the ensuing chaos, which ended only after President Kennedys administration sent some 31,000 troops to restore order. D.only in the north US under Union control These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. A. Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. -Andrew Carnegie, 1889 D. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. -George Eastman By asserting that the equal protection clause was not violated as long as reasonably equal conditions were provided to both groups, the Court established the separate but equal doctrine that would thereafter be used for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. Describe the social structure of China under the Tang and Song dynasties. Blues singer Bessie Smith, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, bandleader Louis Armstrong, composer Duke Ellington, dancer Josephine Baker and actor Paul Robeson were among the leading entertainment talents of the Harlem Renaissance, while Paul Laurence Dunbar, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were some of its most eloquent writers. Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. The next year, two of the four LAPD officers involved in the beating were retried and convicted in a federal court for violating Kings civil rights; he eventually received $3.8 million from the city in a settlement. As the 19th century came to an end and segregation took ever stronger hold in the South, many African Americans saw self-improvement, especially through education, as the single greatest opportunity to escape the indignities they suffered. He ran again in 1988 and received 6.6 million votes, or 24 percent of the total primary vote, winning seven states and finishing second behind the eventual Democratic nominee, Michael Dukakis. The law did not give African Americans equal protection. More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the success of the long-running sitcom The Cosby Showfeaturing popular comedian Bill Cosby as the doctor patriarch of a close-knit middle-class African American familyhelped redefine the image of Black characters on mainstream American television. Also in 1793, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, which made it a federal crime to assist an enslaved person trying to escape. What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech? Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? B. The right should be exercised with caution and self restraint; but it should exist, so that it may be invoked if the need arises. Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist, How the 1876 Election Effectively Ended Reconstruction, Why Harry Truman Ended Segregation in the US Military in 1948, Why Eisenhower Sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock After Brown v. Board, Mildred and Richard: The Love Story that Changed America, How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement, Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation, 7 Things You May Not Know About MLKs I Have a Dream Speech, Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline, How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation, 'Unbought and Unbossed': Why Shirley Chisholm Ran for President, How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. The nine Black students entered the school under heavily armed guard, marking the first time since Reconstruction that federal troops had provided protection for Black Americans against racial violence. to encourage Native Americans to adopt the ways of Americans. Some 100 enslaved people, including innocent bystanders, lost their lives in the struggle. According to War Department policy, enlisted Black and white people were organized into separate units. How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. There was a flip side to this greater exposure, however: Emerging Black writers relied heavily on white-owned publications and publishing houses, while in Harlems most famous cabaret, the Cotton Club, the preeminent Black entertainers of the day played to exclusively white audiences. lack of public and legal support for union activities, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. I was wrong about 5. In the early 19th century, however, a new brand of radical abolitionism emerged in the North, partly in reaction to Congress passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the tightening of codes in most southern states. After 1619, when a Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore at the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia, slavery spread quickly through the American colonies. The fruits of the toil [labor] of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented [never having happened or existed before] in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. After wards he gave what speech? In the late 1960s and early 1970s, this frustration fueled the rise of the Black Power movement. George Washington Carver, another formerly enslaved man and the head of Tuskegees agriculture department, helped liberate the South from its reliance on cotton by convincing farmers to plant peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes in order to rejuvenate the exhausted soil. 2. A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Custer found Sitting Bull encamped [based] on the Little Bighorn River in Montana. Aside from celebrated accomplishments like these, overall gains were slow, and maintaining high morale among black forces was difficult due to the continued discrimination they faced. Many were recent immigrants. On March 7, 600 marchers got as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge outside Selma when they were attacked by state troopers wielding whips, nightsticks and tear gas. The march was intended to bring about a kind of spiritual renewal among Black men and to instill in them a sense of solidarity and of personal responsibility to improve their own condition. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). Many African American inventors were unable to benefit from their discoveries because of difficulties, Make the camera as convenient as the pencil. Two distinct business policies thus presented themselves. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. In 1949, he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee to discuss the appeal of Communism to Black Americans, surprising them with a ferocious condemnation of the racial discrimination embodied by the Jim Crow segregation laws of the South: The white public should start toward real understanding by appreciating that every single Negro who is worth his salt is going to resent any kind of slurs and discrimination because of his race, and hes going to use every bit of intelligenceto stop it. In January 2021, Kamala Harris became the first woman and first woman of color to become vice president of the United States. (Credit: Francis Miller/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images), Francis Miller / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images. C) In the, states could limit voting rights in elections more African Americans could go to school segregation kept the races apart or separate sharecropping helped poor blacks own land, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. Heavily covered by the news media, the Greensboro sit-ins sparked a movement that spread quickly to college towns throughout the South and into the North, as young Black and white people engaged in various forms of peaceful protest against segregation in libraries, on beaches, in hotels and other establishments. Which change led to the end of open ranching in the west? The movement swelled to a critical juncture on May 25, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic when 46-year-old George Floyd died after being handcuffed and pinned to the ground by police officer Derek Chauvin. Specifically, it banned literacy tests as a requirement for voting, mandated federal oversight of voter registration in areas where tests had previously been used and gave the U.S. attorney general the duty of challenging the use of poll taxes for state and local elections. W.E.B. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? READ MORE:How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement. There on the sidewalk ______the photographers. What best accounts for the number of southern votes cast for Johnson's impeachment? King, who was on probation for robbery and had been drinking, led them on a high-speed chase, and by the time the patrolmen caught up to his car, several officers of the Los Angeles Police Department were on the scene. Which factor further reduced future opportunities for children at work before 1910? The other was to take the whole art of photography and starting with perfecting dry plates, set out to make the camera as easy a recorder as the pencil. In a televised ceremony on July 2, 1964, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law using 75 pens; he presented one of them to King, who counted it among his most prized possessions. to encourage American Indians to become farmers. The Little Rock Nine forming a study group after being prevented from entering Little Rock's Central High School. Calls for reform led Congress to pass the Dawes Act in 1887. (Though proponents of female suffrage were part of the original NAACP, the issue was not mentioned.). With the onset of the Great Depression, as organizations like the NAACP and the National Urban League switched their focus to the economic and political problems facing Black Americans, the Harlem Renaissance drew to a close. Let your reader hear how people talk. C.in the border states of maryland missouri Kentucky and West Virginia The success of conservative politicians that yearincluding Richard Nixons election as president and the third-party candidacy of the ardent segregationist George Wallace, who won 13 percent of the votefurther discouraged African Americans, many of whom felt that the tide was turning against the civil rights movement. His son, Jesse L. Jackson Jr., won election to the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois in 1995. They tried to have the case vacated and the ruling overturned without success. One of the most prominent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, was cautiously optimistic, however, wisely predicting that"This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system.. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. He delivered a rousing keynote speech at that years Democratic National Convention, attracting national attention with his eloquent call for national unity and cooperation across party lines. (She starred in both.) In the wake of the Bakke verdict, affirmative action continued to be a controversial and divisive issue, with a growing opposition movement claiming that the so-called racial playing field was now equal and that African Americans no longer needed special consideration to overcome their disadvantages. -George Eastman A.Free slave Bill Explain why Lincoln's assassination put the future of the nation in question. Ferguson shooting victim Michael Brown. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. lack of public and legal support for union activities, CHAPTER 14 SECTION 3- LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Gerald A. Danzer, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, Nancy Woloch, Discovering Our Past: A History of the United States, Early Years (Florida), Alan Brinkley, Albert S. Broussard, Donald A. Ritchie, James M. McPherson, Joyce Appleby. A federal court struck down this act, and four of the nine students returned, under police protection, after the schools were reopened in 1959. By an 81 majority, the Court upheld a Louisiana law that required the segregation of passengers on railroad cars. Although the culprits in the casewhite supremacists who included the countys deputy sheriffwere soon identified, the state made no arrests. Some also cite environmental issues, tax and budget matters, or political processes like voting rights and gerrymandering. Despite his success on the field, however, he encountered hostility from both fans and other players. While supporters of slavery pointed to the Turner rebellion as evidence that Black people were inherently inferior barbarians requiring an institution such as slavery to discipline them, the increased repression of southern Black people would strengthen antislavery feeling in the North through the 1860s and intensify the regional tensions building toward civil war. Throughout his long career, Jackson has inspired both admiration and criticism for his tireless efforts on behalf of the Black community and his outspoken public persona. rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. D. The laws required that. After the bill passed the Senate by an exceedingly narrow margin in early April, it was thought that the increasingly conservative House of Representatives, wary of the growing strength and militancy of the Black Power movement, would weaken it considerably. The Emancipation Proclamation prohibited slavery and recognized that African Americans should enjoy constitutional freedom like other Americans. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. The little children are freezing to death. As Americas exploding urban population faced shortages of employment and housing, violent hostility towards Black people had increased around the country; lynching, though illegal, was a widespread practice. In another history-making appointment, Condoleezza Rice, Bushs longtime foreign policy adviser and the former head of the National Security Council, succeeded Powell, becoming the first African American woman to serve as secretary of state. Groups of Lakota left reservations after the banning of the Ghost Dance, and soldiers killed many of them at Wounded Knee. The case went to the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the majority eventually ruled that Scott was an enslaved person and not a citizen, and thus had no legal rights to sue. Du Bois met at Niagara Falls, Canada, sparking a new political protest movement to demand civil rights for Black people in the old spirit of abolitionism. Their only hope, according to him, was to flee America and return to Africa to build a country of their own. Jackie Robinson, a sharecroppers son from Georgia, joined the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League in 1945 after a stint in the U.S. Army (he earned an honorable discharge after facing a court-martial for refusing to move to the back of a segregated bus). Choose the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject, and write it in the blank. What factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? Charismatic and eloquent, Malcolm X soon became an influential leader of the NOI, which combined Islam with Black nationalism and sought to encourage disadvantaged young Black people searching for confidence in segregated America. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a small band of less than 50 men in a raid against the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. 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